phases of the project


In general, the life of a system for the exploitation of wind energy or photovoltaic is characterized by the following phases:


 

Create teams of Project / Business Plan

It should always create a group project (with resources used in different areas) that follows its course and that interfaces with external experts, so as to convey precisely the demands of the entire company.

The meetings of this team are definitely at exchange of new ideas and collaboration that often leads to a reduction in the duration of the various phases.

Raising public awareness

THE INHABITANTS RESIDING IN THE VICINITY OF THE SYSTEM MAY HAVE discontent or distrust, WHICH WOULD BE VERY BEGINNING FOR PROBING THEIR OPINION. This leads to obvious advantages. YOU CAN 'FIN SET UP BY NOW A GOOD RELATIONSHIP WHICH MAY OCCUR BY NOT difficult, WITH THE WORST EFFECTS WHEN THE SYSTEM IS ALREADY MADE. Discussing SOMETIMES WITH THE PEOPLE YOU CAN FIND MUCH MORE SUITABLE SITES FOR THE INSTALLATION OF YOUR SYSTEM.
THE STAGE FOR OBTAINING PERMITS IS GENTLE, SO HAVE THE SUPPORT, OR RATHER AVOID THE OBSTACLES, FIN BY 'HOME, BY THE PEOPLE WHAT is to be reckoned with.

Site assessment (pre-feasibility analysis)

The feasibility study employs almost always a large amount of resources both in terms money and time that is often advisable to go through a phase of pre-feasibility analysis. Actions you must perform are:

  • Locate and compare from the standpoint of technical-economic several potential sites on the basis of even approximate data (remember that the accuracy of information and 'generally always associated with a higher cost);
  • Establish contacts with landowners, with officials responsible for and land use planning, performed with the administration;
  • Consider the presence of any protected areas;
  • Evaluate the possible reactions from environmentalists and ecologists;
  • Assess the accessibility of the site;
  • Contact managers in advance of the network you want to make the connection.


The information needed to complete this phase are:
  • Rough estimate of potential wind energy available in selected sites; This is achieved with the installation of anemometer A TOWER OF MEASUREMENT
  • Data on the plan;
  • Approximate data on systems (size, noise, visual impact);
  • Distances between the site and the point of connection;
  • Regulations regarding the possible connection to the network.

Obtaining soil

After assessing the sites' interest is best to start negotiations for a possible purchase, in order to assess the real costs and real possibilities.
Alternatively you can make pre-arrangements exploitation in terms of surface rights.

Evaluation of the exploitable resource

Local parameters in heavily influence the viability, capacity and energy efficiency the wind turbine. Usually it 'should be checked at least for an entire year weather conditions that characterize the site, searching data from observers and measuring points in the period preceding and contemporaneous with the measurement in order to take into account trends in the long run through mathematical analysis.
Often, in the case of plants of small size, you skip this step considering a simplified distribution of wind Starting from the Weibull wind maps that indicate the probability distribution of wind.

Feasibility Study

In this phase are studied:

  • Feasibility of the system from the technical point of view;
  • Potential market for energy produced;
  • Possible funding;
  • Analysis of manufacturability and micrositing studying the wind data
  • Sensitivity analysis.
  • LEGISLATION IN FORCE.

The document is used not only by management and by financial institutions also others who can have a great weight to the potential development of the project.

The information needed are:

  • Various regulations: regulations, permits, licenses and permits (provide a list of the procedures for obtaining them);
  • Obligations or not the procedure for declaration of public utility;
  • Data on the components of the input (from various suppliers);
  • Energy demand (local and network);
  • Availability and tariffs for the purchase of energy by electric utilities;
  • Availability of funding;
  • Public financing.

The production estimate of expected energy is obviously one of the most important, but is also the basic sensitivity analysis to changes.
Based on the energy demand can size the system and hence its individual equipment.

You get a first economic evaluation of the project: estimating costs and revenues. Typical investment valuations are those based sull'NPV, sull'IRR and Pay-Back Return, with the relative sensitivity analysis (study of various scenarios). You should make sure about the intentions of the donors because, at this point, the part of financial engineering requires a detailed definition.

It should also CONTACT IN ADVANCE OF THE MANAGERS NETWORK ON WHICH YOU WANT TO MAKE THE CONNECTION and transmission of energy produced.

Site Mapping

Once you determine the wind potential is necessary to determine the optimal location of each single wind turbine within the wind farm.
The process "Site map" through use of sophisticated software to create models computers that analyze the characteristics of the wind, local topography (hills, valleys, etc.), roads and obstacles of various kinds.

Detailed Design

If the feasibility study gave positive results you can proceed to define:

  • Detailed technical and economic evaluations;
  • Phases and time of the project (schedule and disbursement of funds);
  • Detailed design;
  • Management and impact of construction (contact with construction companies);
  • Expected costs: construction, operation, maintenance;
  • Issues concerning the plant, including maintenance, management of emergencies;
  • Legal issues.

The technical study, usually entrusted to experts include:

  • System design;
  • Method of connection;
  • Foundations;
  • Access roads;
  • Environmental impact (for larger size).

Key is to consult the technical services and urban administration responsible relation to applications for permits required.

Verification of the interest of the parties involved

It is well at this point to verify the real interest and real readiness of the various parties involved in the project:

  • Lenders;
  • Owners;
  • Shareholders;
  • Institutions;
  • Insurance;
  • Buyers of energy;
  • Suppliers.

authorization process

If you have obtained positive steps described above, SI INIZA the authorization process. THIS IS A VERY SENSITIVE STAGE IN WHICH is NECESSARY TECHNICAL COMPETENCE FOR OURSELVES WITH TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVES FROM VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS. The skills for projects of this type are usually the province or in the case of wind farms very large or located on both sides of 2 provinces, in the region. Normally each region regulates the issue with regional laws and implementing regulations different.

Legal and Contracts

After defining a precise legal form you can regulate the various forms of contract:

  • Purchase Agreement or the rent for the site;
  • Contract for the construction of works;
  • Contracts for loans;
  • Contracts for connection to the mains;
  • electricity sales contracts;
  • contracts for operation and maintenance;
  • contracts for equipment and maintenance;
  • Agreements with shareholders;
  • Insurance Contracts.

construction

Construction work often happen to affect other sections and activities taking place in adjacent areas.

Operation and Maintenance

During this phase it is necessary to provide a significant task of an administrative nature, having the task of managing the repayment of loans or payment of dividends. We must control the facility, schedule preventive maintenance actions and consider revisions required.

Decommissioning

The key issue is to consider the dismantling phase from the phase of detailed study.